Anti-inflammatory effects of aucubin in cellular and animal models of rheumatoid arthritis / 中国天然药物

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. It is known that aucubin (AU) exerts anti-inflammatory activity, but its effects and mechanisms in RA are unclear. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of AU in vivo and in vitro. Human fibroblast-like synoviocyte cells from patients with RA (HFLS-RA), RAW264.7 cells, and MC3T3-E1 cells were used to evaluate the effects of AU on migration, invasion, apoptosis, osteoclast differentiation and production. Immunofluorescence was used to observe nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, the double luciferase reporter gene method was used to observe NF-κB-p65 activity in AU-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. RT-qPCR was used to measure expression of bone metabolism and inflammation-related genes, and western blot was used to measure bone metabolism and NF-κB protein expression levels. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model was used for pharmacodynamics study. Arthritis indexes were measured in the ankle and knee, histological staining and Micro-computed tomography were performed on the ankle joints. Also, inflammatory factor gene expression and the levels of NF-κB-related proteins were detected as in vitro. AU effectively inhibited HFLS-RA cell migration and invasion, promoted apoptosis, and inhibited RAW264.7 cell differentiation into osteoclasts, as well as inhibited NF-κB-p65 activity in MC3T3-E1 cells. Notably, AU significantly reduced the gene expression levels of three cell-related inflammatory factors and bone metabolism factors, effectively inhibited the expression of p-Iκκα β, p-IκBα, and p-p65 proteins. In vivo, AU relieved joint inflammation, reduced related inflammatory factors, and inhibited NF-κB signaling. It could be used to treat RA-related synovial inflammation and bone destruction through the NF-κB pathway.

Advance in Researches of Low Back Pain: A Bibliometrics and Visualization Study / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the research focus, frontier and trend of global reseaches about low back pain using bibliometrics and visualization technology. Methods:The researchs in the Web of Science core database from 2016 to 2020 were retrieved with the subject terms of "low back pain" and categories of rehabilitation, and analyzed with Creating Citation Reports and Analyzing Retrieval Results of Web of Science, as well as the CiteSpace. Results:A total of 2026 papers were retrieved. The total frequency of citations in the last five years was 6793. The number of papers and citations increased year by year. Most of the papers came from the countries of America, Europe and Australia; the top five university institutions also with high centrality; and funded by US National Research Fund mostly. The top ten journals for number of papers and cited frequency were mainly rehabilitation journals, and the researches mainly focused on orthopedics, sports medicine and healthcare medicine. A total of 468 key words were obtained, including 33 key words with high centrality and 29 key words with Strongest Citation Bursts. Nine papers of highly cited were suggested by Web of Science. A total of 466 references were obtained through CiteSpace, including 35 references with high centrality and 53 references with Strongest Citation Bursts. The researches of key node literature were mainly randomized controlled trails and systematic review. Conclusion:The researches of low back pain mainly focus on the mechanism and management of pain, such as central sensitization, pressure pain threshold, pain pattern classification, pain directional preference and centralization, pain physiology/neuroscience education, and nonpharmacologic strategies for comprehensive pain care; as well as the psychological and social factors, such as behavioral cognitive therapy/psychologically informed physical therapy, self-efficacy, kinesiophobia, fear avoidance, and variables and interventions related to return-to-work. The trial studies of STarT Back tool, core instruments and standardization of core outcome reporting in clinical trials, and individualized and targeted treatment, would be the global trends in the research of low back pain.

Analysis and Prevention of Gene Mutation Types of Severe Thala- ssemia in Hakka People in Gannan of Jiangxi Province / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the types and proportion of gene mutations of thalassemia in Hakka people in Gannan Area of Jiangxi, and to provide some references for prevention and treatment of thalassemia major, genetic counseling and epidemiological studies.@*METHODS@#81 cases Hakka patients with severe thalassemia admitted treated in First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College from January 2009 to June 2019 were enrolled. The deletion type of α-thalassemia was detected by Gap-PCR. The point mutations of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia were detected by PCR-RDB. The thalassemia gene was detected and analyzed in the patients with anemia, and the frequency of gene mutation was calculated.@*RESULTS@#Among 81 Hakka patients with thalassemia major, 4 β-thalassemia (homozygote) genotypes were detected out, including: CD41-42（TTCT）(19 cases), β-IVS-II-654 (C→T) (9 cases), -28M (A→G) (1 case), CD17 (A→T) (1 case); 12 β-thalassemithalassemia (heterozygote) genotypes were detected out, including: CD41-42(-TTCT)/β-IVS-II-654(C→T) (15 cases, 29.41%), β-IVS-II-654(C→T)/β-28M(A→G) (13 cases，25.49%) ； CD41-42(-TTCT)/β-28M(A→G) (9 cases，17.65%); β-IVS-II-654(C→T) /CD27/28(+C) (3 cases， 5.88%) ； CD41-42(-TTCT)/CD27/28(+C)(3 case，5.88%)；β-28M(A→G)/CD17(A→T) (2 cases，3.92%)；CD41-42(-TTCT)/CD17(A→T), CD41-42(-TTCT)/Βe, β-IVS-II-654(C→T)/β-29、βCD17（A→T）/CD71-72(+a), βCD71-72/β-28M(A→G), β-28M(A→G) /β-IVS-II-654(C→T)(1 cases，1.96%). There were 3 cases of β homozygous thalassemia with α-thalassemia gene and 5 cases of β heterozygotes thalassemia with α-thalassemia gene.@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence rate of thalassemia in Hakka people in Gannan Area of Jiangxi is relatively high. The distribution of gene mutation types is as follows: the genotype of CD41-42 (-TTCT) is the main genotype of β-thalassemia (homozygous); the major genotypes of β- thalassemia (heterozygotes) are CD41-42 (-TTCT)/β-IVS-II-654 (C→T) and β-IVS-II-654 (C→T) /β-28M (A→G); CD41-42 (-TTCT) gene is dominant in β-complex α-thalassemia.

Association between Prevalence of Thyroid Nodule and Metabolic Parameters in Population over 40 / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective] The aim of our study is to examine nodule prevalence in a population over 40 years old in order to explore the relation between prevalence of thyroid nodules and metabolic parameters.[Methods] A total of 1875 individuals who were over 40 years of age were received the questionnaire and underwent thyroid ultrasonography examinations.Height,weight,waist circumference,blood pressure were measured.Levels of fasting blood glucose,fasting serum insulin,glycated hemoglobin,blood lipids,thyroid stimulating hormone and free T4 were detected.Body mass index (BMI) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated.[Result] The study included a total of 1875 subjects (513 men and 1362 women).The age of subjects were between 41 and 113 years old,and the mean age was 57.4±7.1 years old.The prevalence of thyroid nodules was 51.2％,and the prevalence of thyroid nodules in women was significantly higher than that in men (53.4％ vs.45.2％,P=0.002).The prevalence of thyroid nodules was significantly higher in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (59.2％ vs.49.5％,P=0.009) and hypertension (56.5％ vs.47.8％,P＜ 0.001).Result of multivariate binary logistic regression revealed that hypertension (OR=1.405,P=0.002),female sex (OR=1.490,P=0.001),older age (OR=1.028,P＜0.001),and hypertriglyceridemia (OR=1.589,P=0.005) were independent risk factors for thyroid nodules.The prevalence of thyroid nodules increased along with age,systolic blood pressure and serum triglyceride level.[Conclusion] The prevalence of thyroid nodules and metabolism-related diseases were high in population over 40 years old.After adjusted for age and sex,hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension were possible independent risk factors for thyroid nodules especially in women.In general,hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension might play an important role in the pathological process of thyroid nodules.

Evaluation on contribution rate of each component total salvianolic acids and characterization of apparent oil/water partition coefficient / 中国中药杂志

The difference between three representative components of total salvianolic acids in pharmacodynamic activity were compared by three different pharmacological experiments: HUVECs oxidative damage experiment, 4 items of blood coagulation in vitro experiment in rabbits and experimental myocardial ischemia in rats. And the effects of contribution rate of each component were calculated by multi index comprehensive evaluation method based on CRITIC weights. The contribution rates of salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid and Danshensu were 28.85%, 30.11%, 41.04%. Apparent oil/water partition coefficient of each representative components of total salvianolic acids in n-octyl alcohol-buffer was tested and the total salvianolic acid components were characterized based on a combination of the approach of self-defined weighting coefficient with effects of contribution rate. Apparent oil/water partition coefficient of total salvianolic acids was 0.32, 1.06, 0.89, 0.98, 0.90, 0.13, 0.02, 0.20, 0.56 when in octanol-water/pH 1.2 dilute hydrochloric acid solution/ pH 2.0, 2.5, 5.0, 5.8, 6.8, 7.4, 7.8 phosphate buffer solution. It provides a certain reference for the characterization of components.

Clinical study of 32 patients with adult Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of imatinib in the treatment of patients with adult Ph chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+)ALL). A total of 32 diagnosed adult Ph(+)ALL patients from July 2007 to February 2014 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed and were divided into two groups: imatinib plus chemotherapy group and traditional chemotherapy group. The differences between two groups were analysed in disease-free survival time (DFS), overall survival time (OS) and toxicity. The G banding technigue was used to analyse the karyotype, and the flow cytometry was applyed to detect the immune markers on surface of cells. The results showed that all patients expressed B cell and hematopietic stem/progenitor cell immune markers, out of them 21 patients (65.6%) were with myeloid antigens, 27 patients with simple Ph (+) phenotype and 5 patients with additional chromosome abnormality. The DFS and OS of the imatinib group were statistically longer than those of the traditional chemotherapy group (14.3 ± 4.7 months vs 10.7 ± 3.8 months) (P < 0.05) and 22.6 ± 6.8 months vs 10.7 ± 3.8 months) (P < 0.05)). There was no significant difference in toxic effects between two groups (P > 0.05)). It is concluded that the all cases of adult Ph(+)ALL are with B cell phenotype and express hematopietic stem/progenitor cell antigen. They often accompanied by expression of myeloid antigens and additonal chromosome abnormality in genetics. The combination of imatinib with chemotherapy can prolong remission time and survival time for patients of non-hematopietic stem cell transplantation on the basis of no notably increasing the toxic effects.

Studies on hydroxyapatite applicatied in coprecipitate of total salvianolic acids phospholipid complex / 中国中药杂志

The purpose of this research was to prepare total salvianolic acids-phytosome-HA coprecipitate to improve drug dissolution and its micromeritic properties. Firstly, the coprecipitate was prepared by solvent method and in vitro dissolution of tripterine was performed with the salvianolic acid B and danshensu as criteria. At the same time, the micromeritic properties was characterizated, the structure of samples was characterized by TEM, DSC, XRD and FTIR. Results showed that when the ratio of drug to HA was 1:2, it had a better dissolution, the accumulative drug-release percent in vitro at 60 min was over 90%. At the same time, it has good liquidity and low moisture absorption. Its micromeritic properties have improved. It is proved that the drug still existed amorphously by microstructure analysis. The preparation process is simple and feasible, it has practical value.

Study on preparation of ginkgolides component solid dispersions micro pill drug release unit / 中国中药杂志

Microcrystalline cellulose and chitosan were applied to prepare ginkgolides component solid dispersions micro pill drug release unit and study the dissolution of GKS. Microcrystalline cellulose, chitosan as composite carrier, solvent method was used to prepare ginkgolides component solid dispersions. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to Characterization of ginkgolides component solid dispersions. Ginkgolides component solid dispersions as principle agent were prepared for micro-pellet. Comparison of different types, different doses of the adhesive, drug-polymer interactions, and disintegrating agent for the preparation of ginkgolides components of micro-pellet drug release unit, the optimum preparation ginkgolides components of micro-pellet drug release unit was screened by orthogonal design experiment. Preparation of ginkgolides components solid dispersions with microcrystalline cellulose and chitosan at ratio 1: 3. Drug cumulative dissolution was more than 80% in 60 min. Solid dispersion-micro-pellet drug release unit can significantly improve the dissolution of ginkgolides components, it has practical application value.

Study on oral absorption enhancers of astragalus polysaccharides / 中国中药杂志

Astragalus polysaccharides was lounded to 4-(2-aminoethylphenol), followed by labeling the APS-Tyr with fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC) at the secondary amino group. The absorption enhancement effects of low molecular weight chitosan and protamine on astragalus polysaccharides were evaluated via Caco-2 cell culture model. The results show that the fluorecent labeling compound has good stability and high sensitivity. On the other hand low molecular weight chitosan and protamine also can promoted absorption of the astragalus polysaccharides without any cytotoxity, and the absorption increase was more significant with increasing the amount of low molecular weight chitosan and protamine. At the same time, the low molecular weight chitosan has slightly better effect. The transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) of Caco-2 cells show that absorption enhancers could improve its membrane transport permeability by opening tight junctions between cells and increasing the cell membrane fluidity.

Evaluation of drug release behavior in vitro of ginkgolides component drug release unit / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) composition is a multi-component multiple drug release system and more components preparation system. How to evaluate the drug release behavior of diversification has been a block for the modernization of TCM. This article through to study of more representative components of ginkgolides drug release and similarity analysis of more representative components of ginkgolides drug release behavior and use Weight coefficient method to integrate the multicomponent drug release curve. So it can provide the idea and method for drug evaluation of TCM component preparation.

Study on preparation of salvianolic acid phospholipid compound / 中国中药杂志

To prepare salvianolic acid phospholipid compound. With the compound of salvianolic acids and soybean phospholipid as the index, mono-factor experiment and orthogonal design experiment were conducted to screen its technical parameters. According to the results, the optimal preparation conditions of salvianolic acid phospholipid compound were that THF were taken as the reaction solvent, the concentration time was 3 h, the reactant concentration was 5 g x L(-1), the mass ratio of salvianolic acids and phospholipid was 1: 1.5, and the reaction temperature was 40 degrees C. The oil/water partition coefficient of the prepared salvianolic acid phospholipid compound significant increased in water and buffers with different pH values. The results of phase analysis such as DSC, XRD and FTIR indicated that salvianolic acids existed in phospholipid in an amorphous state.

The effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide SS31 on oxidative damage of lens epithelial cell / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Presbyopia is one of primary causes affecting the visual and life qualities of the agings,and its mechanism is associated with the oxidative damage of lens epithelial cells with ageing.SS31 is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide.To study the effect of SS31 on oxidative damage of lens epithelial cells has an important significance for the prevention and treatment of presbyopia.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of SS31 on in vitro oxidative damaged human lens epithelial cells.Methods Human lens epithelial cell line (HLEB-3) was cultured using DMEM with low glucose and 10％ fetal bovine serum(FBS).The cell model of oxidative damage was established by adding 200 μmol/L tea-butyl hydropeoxide (t-BHP) into DMEM for 18 hours.The cells were divided into blank control group,t-BHP model group,10 nmol/L SS31 +t-BHP group,100 nmol/L SS31 +t-BHP group,1 μmol/L SS31 +t-BHP group,10 μmol/L SS31 +t-BHP group and 100 pμmol/L t-BHP group,and then MTT assay was used to detect the survival rate of the cells and evaluate the optimal SS31 concentration for sequential study.The cells then were divided into blank control group,t-BHP model group and 1 μmol/L SS31 +t-BHP co-culture group.The change of mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells was tested by JC-1 dye and flow cytometry.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the mitochondria was determined using MitoSOX staining.Results The cell survival rate in the t-BHP model group was (53.42±2.52)％,and that in the blank control group was 100％.The cell survival rate was considerably increased in various concentrations of SS31 groups,showing a significant difference among different groups (F=58.349,P＜0.01).A highest survival rate was (82.13 ±3.15) ％ in the 1 μmol/L SS31 +t-BHP co-culture group,which was statistically significant in comparison with the t-BHP model group (t =28.710,P＜0.05).JC-1 dye and flow cytometry assay showed that the ratio between red and green fluorescence intensity was 7.07 ±0.06 in the blank control group,4.46±0.14 in the t-BHP model group and 5.76±0.26 in the 1 μmol/L SS31 +tBHP co-culture group,showing significant difference among the 3 groups (F=172.332,P＜0.01).The ratios between red and green fluorescence intensity in the blank control group and 1 μmol/L SS31 +t-BHP co-culture group were higher than that in the t-BHP model (t =2.609,1.303,both at P＜0.001).ROS fluorescence cells were much more in the t-BHP model group compared with blank control group and 1 μmol/L SS31 + t-BHP co-culture group.Conclusions SS31 can protect HLEB-3 cells from oxidative stress.SS31 may serve as a potential new approach to the treatment of presbyopia and other age-related diseases of lens.

The role of the transforming growth factor-β pathway in the development of posterior capsule opacification / 中华实验眼科杂志

Posterior capsule opacification(PCO) is a common postoperative complication of cataract surgery.PCO is usually caused by the proliferation,migration,epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT),collagen deposition,and lens fiber regeneration of residual lens epithelial cells(LECs).Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) has been proposed as the most important factor driving the trans-differentiation and pathologic fibrosis of LECs.A variety of studies have elucidated that the Smad signaling pathway plays a critical role in the transduction of TGF-β signal.However,there are still other signaling pathways which may be activated downstream by TGF-β,including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt(PI3 K/Akt),Rho,Wnt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways.This review highlights recent advances in the study of the signaling pathway of TGF-β in the pathological process of PCO.

Sustained release solid dispersion of tripterine carried by modified nano-CaCO3 / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To prepare hydrophobic nano-CaCO3 by nano-CaCO3 and stearic acid. And to prepare tripterine solid dispersion using the new material as a carrier by solvent method. METHODS: The structure of modified nano-CaCO3 was characterized by TEM, DSC, XRD and FTIR. Meanwhile the solid dispersions were characterized by SEM, DSC, XRD and FTIR, and the in vitro dissolution test of tripterine was performed. RESULTS: When the ratio of drug to modified nano-CaCO3 was 1:4, tripterine could be dispersed amorphously in the carrier. And the accumulative drug-release percentage in vitro at 0.5 h was 7.05%. With the time increasing, the accumulative drug-release percentage also increased to 90.03% at 12 h. Moreover, tripterine solid dispersion had a better sustained release effect. CONCLUSION The nano-CaCO3 modified by stearic acid can be used as controlled-release carrier for tripterine.

Comparison of different preparation methods of tanshinoneporous silica solid dispersion / 中国中药杂志

Porous silica was used as a carrier to prepare tanshinone solid dispersions (SDs). sThe effect of the spray drying method or the solvent method on the drug dissolution of SD was studied. The structure characteristics of SDs was analyzed by SEM, DSC,XPRD and FTIR. And in vitro dissolution was also investigated. The results showed that drugs were highly dispersed into SDs prepared by spray drying method and the solvent method in amorphous form. In addition, the results of the dissolution tested in vitro exhibited that the tanshinone I and tanshinone II A, accumulated dissolutions of SDs prepared using solvent achieved 80. 9% ,84. 6% and 86. 2% ,88. 7% within 45,60 min, respectively. And SDs prepared using spray-drying method were 92.7% ,95. 3% and 95. 8%, 97. 1% within 45,60 min, respectively. The tanshinone SDs were prepared successfully by spray drying method and solvent method. The SDs prepared by spray drying method was more conducive to improving the dissolution.

Influence of recombinant lentiviral vector encoding miR-15a/16-1 in biological features of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of recombinant lentiviral vector encoding miR-15a/16-1 on biological features of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells and underlying mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>GFP-positive CNE-2Z cells transfected with recombinant lentiviral vector were selected. The experiment was divided into control group, transfected group, radiotherapy group, transfected-radiotherapy group. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Radiotherapy sensitivity of the cells in control group and transfected group was evaluated by colony forming experiment. The expressions of miR-15a, miR-16-1 and bcl-2 mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expression of bcl-2 protein was detected by Western blot. The activation of Caspase-2 and Caspase-3 was evaluated by spectrophotometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Relative expression quantities of miR-15a and miR-16-1 in infected group were 524.80 ± 40.79 (t = 494.611, P = 0.000) and 466.11 ± 40.96 (t = 386.8, P = 0.000), respectively. The proliferation of the cells in transfected-radiotherapy group was the most obvious, followed by the cells in radiotherapy group and transfected group (F = 424.3, P = 0.000). The apoptosis rates of control group, transfected group, radiotherapy group and transfected-radiotherapy group were (2.2 ± 1.4)%, (9.6 ± 0.8)%, (2.9 ± 1.1)%, and (18.6 ± 0.7)% respectively(F = 158.5, P = 0.000). Clonogenic assay showed that the values of SF2, Do (1.473) and Dq (1.581) in transfected group were lower than those in control group. The relative expression levels of bcl-2 mRNA in transfected group, radiotherapy group, and transfected-radiotherapy group had no significant difference (P > 0.05). Decrease in the expression of bcl-2 protein in transfected-radiotherapy group was most significantly, followed by that in transfected group. The percentages of activated Caspase-2 in control group, radiotherapy group, transfected group and transfected -radiotherapy group were 0.12 ± 0.01, 0.24 ± 0.04, 0.35 ± 0.02, and 0.44 ± 0.04, respectively (F = 115.500, P = 0.000). The percentages of activated Caspase-3 in the groups were 0.13 ± 0.01, 0.27 ± 0.01, 0.43 ± 0.02, and 0.83 ± 0.06, respectively (F = 439.921, P = 0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Recombinant lentiviral vector LV-miR15a/16-1 could improve the expression of miR-15a and miR-16-1 in CNE-2Z cells, inhibit the proliferation of CNE-2Z cells, promote apoptosis and enhance the sensitivity of the cells to radiotherapy probably by inhibiting bcl-2 expression, activating Caspase-2 and Caspase-3.</p>

Studies on sustained release solid dispersion of tanshione composition / 中草药

Objective: To prepare the sustained release solid dispersions of tanshinone composition with the intention of improving drug dissolution and controlling drug release. Methods: The glycerin monostearate (GMS) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were used as composite carriers to prepare tanshinone solid dispersions by solvent melting method and the in vitro dissolution of tanshinone solid dispersions was performed. The structure of solid dispersions was characterized by SEM, DSC, XRD, and FTIR. Results: When the ratio of drug to composite carriers (GMS-PEO 2:1) was 1:8, the solid dispersions had a better sustained release effect, the accumulative drug-release percent in vitro at 12 h was over 90%, and the results from the phase analysis indicated that the tanshinone composition existed in carriers as amorphous state. Conclusion: The in vitro dissolution of tanshinone is greatly improved by the solid dispersions with GMS-PEO as its carriers. And it exhibits excellent release characteristics in vitro with the actual applied value.

Optimization of preparation process of floating sustained-release pellets of capsaicin based on nanometer CaCO3 by central composite design-response surface method / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare floating sustained-release pellets of capsaicin based on nanometer CaCO3.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The floating sustained-release pellets were prepared by the dropping method with sodium alginate as matrix. The effects of the concentration of sodium alginate, the ratio of capsaicin to sodium alginate and the ratio of nanometer CaCO3 to sodium alginate on pellets were detected in the single-factor test. On that basis, central composite design-response surface method were used to optimize the formula, with the floating capacity, drug-loading rate and in vitro drug release property of pellets as indicators.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In the optimal formula, CaCl2 accounted for 1.87%, the ratio of nanometer CaCO3 to sodium alginate was 2.16:1, and the ratio of capsaicin to sodium alginate was 2.36: 1, respectively. Capsaicin sustained-release pellets prepared under the conditions featured round granule, even particle size. It could float on artificial gastric fluid for over 15 hours, showing good sustained-release effect. Its accumulative drug-release percent of pellets in vitro at 12 h were 89.93%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The floating sustained-release pellets of capsaicin show good floating capacity and sustained-release effect after being optimized with central composite design-response surface method.</p>

Response surface method optimize of nano-silica solid dispersion technology assistant enzymatic hydrolysis preparation genistein / 药学学报

This article reports that nano-silica solid dispersion technology was used to raise genistein efficiency through increasing the enzymatic hydrolysis rate. Firstly, genistin-nano-silica solid dispersion was prepared by solvent method. And differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to verify the formation of solid dispersion, then enzymatic hydrolysis of solid dispersion was done by snailase to get genistein. With the conversion of genistein as criteria, single factor experiments were used to study the different factors affecting enzymatic hydrolysis of genistin and its solid dispersion. And then, response surface method was used to optimize of nano-silica solid dispersion technology assistant enzymatic hydrolysis. The optimum condition to get genistein through enzymatic hydrolysis of genistin-nano-silica solid dispersion was pH 7.1, temperature 52.2 degrees C, enzyme concentration 5.0 mg x mL(-1) and reaction time 7 h. Under this condition, the conversion of genistein was (93.47 +/- 2.40)%. Comparing with that without forming the genistin-nano-silica solid dispersion, the conversion increased 2.62 fold. At the same time, the product of hydrolysis was purified to get pure genistein. The method of enzymatic hydrolysis of genistin-nano-silica solid dispersion by snailase to obtain genistein is simple, efficiency and suitable for the modern scale production.

Glycometabolism of patients with depression at first episode / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate glycometabolism of patients with depression at first episode.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in 100 patients with depression at first episode and 50 healthy subjects; the levels of fast blood plasma insulin were also measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were no statistically significant differences in fast blood plasma insulin levels and postprandial blood glucose levels at 0 h, 1 h and 3 h (P>0.05); the fasting blood glucose (FBS), postprandial blood glucose levels in 2 h and area under OGTT curve of depression patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls. The frequency of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in depression patients was higher than that in controls (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Depression patients at the first episode are abnormal in glycometabolism, which may have clinical implication.</p>